The Fokker F27 Friendship is a turboprop airliner designed and built by the defunct Dutch aircraft manufacturer Fokker.
Fokker had produced some excellent airliners during the 'between wars' years, and with the end of World War II lost little time in formulating the design of a new medium-range aircraft in this category. The company's design study of 1950 was for a 32-seat transport to be powered by two Rolls-Royce Dart turboprop engines. Known as the P.275 project, it was enlarged slightly and modified to incorporate a circular-section pressurised fuselage by 1952, when Dutch government backing was sought for its construction and development.
The type was then designated Fokker F27, and the first of two prototypes made its maiden flight on 24 November 1955, powered by two Dart 507 turboprops. Of high-wing monoplane configuration, the F27 has a pressurised fuselage, retractable tricycle landing gear and accommodation for 28 passengers. The second prototype, with Dart Mk 511 engines and its fuselage lengthened by 0.91m to seat 32 passengers, was flown on 31 January 1957. Between the initial flights of these two prototypes, Fokker concluded an agreement with the Fairchild Engine and Airplane Corporation for the latter to manufacture and market the F27 in North America, where it was known as the Fairchild F-27.
Fokker's first F27 Friendship entered service with Aer Lingus in December 1958, but Fairchild had been a little quicker off the mark, its F-27 entering service with West Coast Airlines three months earlier. The American company had modified the interior layout to seat 40, increased the fuel capacity and made provision for weather radar in a lengthened nose; Fokker adopted similar improvements at a later date. The initial Dutch production version was designated F27 Mk 100 (Fairchild F-27), and was powered by two 1279kW Rolls-Royce Dart RDa.6 Mk 514-7 turboprops. It was followed by the similar F27 Mk 200 (Fairchild F-27A) with 1529kW Dart RDa.7 Mk 532-7 engines. Both airliners had standard accommodation for 40 passengers, but a high-density arrangement made it possible to seat 52. An executive version of the Mk 200 was available with the interior design to customer requirements. Subsequent versions include the F27 Mk 300 Combiplane (Fairchild F-27B), a passenger/cargo aircraft with Mk 100 powerplant, a reinforced cabin floor, cargo tie-down rings and a large cargo door forward of the wing on the port side. A similar Combiplane version of the Mk 200 had the designation F27 Mk 400, but no equivalent version was produced by Fairchild in America. Fokker next developed a lengthened fuselage (by 1.50m) variant of the Mk 200. Designated F27 Mk 500, this failed to appeal initially to airline operators, but 15 were acquired by the French government for service with the nation's Postale de Nuit. Friendship Mk 500s now in service with airlines have standard accommodation for 52 passengers, with high-density seating for 60. Fairchild in America produced its own stretched variant, the FH-227.
The last production version was the F27 Mk 600, combining the Mk 200 fuselage without the reinforced cabin floor but with the cargo door of the Mk 300/400 Combiplanes. The F27 Mk 600 introduced an optional roller-track quick-change interior so that the type could be used for passenger/cargo services. Other versions included the F27 Mk 400M and F27 Mk 500M military aircraft, an F27 Mk 400M aerial-survey version and an F27 Maritime suitable for coastal patrol, fishery protection, and search and rescue. Late production aircraft had an updated flight deck and cabin interior. Manufacture was shared by Dassault-Breguet (France), MBB (Germany) and SABCA (Belgium). When production was terminated in 1986 in favour of the Fokker 50, the company had sold 581 F27s alongside 205 Fairchild-built F-27/FH-227 variants. In mid-1991 Fokker stated that around 450 F27s were still in service and that the highest-time aircraft had made some 80,000 flights.
| A three-view drawing (752 x 964) |
| MODEL | Fokker F27 Mk 200 |
| ENGINE | 2 x Rolls-Royce Dart Mk 536-7R turboprops, 1730kW |
| WEIGHTS |
| Take-off weight | 20410 kg | 44997 lb |
| Loaded weight | 12148 kg | 26782 lb |
| DIMENSIONS |
| Wingspan | 29.0 m | 95 ft 2 in |
| Length | 23.56 m | 77 ft 4 in |
| Height | 8.5 m | 28 ft 11 in |
| Wing area | 70.0 m2 | 753.47 sq ft |
| PERFORMANCE |
| Cruise speed | 480 km/h | 298 mph |
| Ceiling | 8990 m | 29500 ft |
| Range | 1926 km | 1197 miles |
Mk 200/500/600 - Two 1730kW (2320ehp) RollsRoyce Dart Mk 5367R
turboprops driving four blade Dowty Rotol propellers. FH-227E - Two
1715kW (2300shp) Dart 5327Ls.
Mk 500 - Normal cruising speed 480km/h (260kt). Service ceiling
29,500ft. Range with 52 passengers and reserves 1315km (710nm). FH-227 -
Max cruising speed 473km/h (255kt), economical cruising speed 435km/h
(236kt). Range with max payload 1055km (570nm), range with max fuel
2660km (1440nm).
Mk 500 - Empty 12,243kg (26,992lb), operating empty 12,684kg (27,964lb),
max takeoff 20,410kg (44,996lb). FH-227 - Operating empty 10,398kg
(22,923lb), max takeoff 20,639kg (45,500lb).
Mk 500 - Wing span 29.00m (95ft 2in), length 23.06m (82ft 3in), height
8.71m (28ft 7in). Wing area 70.0m2 (753.5sq ft). FH-227 - Same except
length 25.50m (83ft 8in), height 8.41m (27ft 7in).
Flightcrew of two. Seating for 44 at four abreast and 76cm (30in) pitch
in original fuselage length versions (Mks 100, 200, 300, 400, 600 &
F-27). Standard seating for 52 and max seating for 60 at 72cm (28.5in)
pitch in Mk 500. FH-227 seats 52 at 79cm (31in) pitch, or a maximum of
56.
581 F-27s, 128 F-27s and 78 FH-227s built. Fokker production comprised
85 Mk 100s, 138 Mk 200s, 13 Mk 300s, 218 Mk 400 & 600s, 112 Mk 500s
and six F-27MPA Maritimes. 290 Fokker built and 25 Fairchild aircraft in
service in late 1998. Additionally, approx 25 used as corporate
transports.
Regional airliners
Probably the closest to being the fabled DC-3 replacement, the Fokker
F-27 Friendship, including the Fairchild built F-27 and FH-227, was
built in greater numbers than any other western turboprop airliner.
The
Fokker F-27 began life as a 1950 design study known as the P275, a 32
seater powered by two RollsRoyce Dart turboprops. With the aid of Dutch
government funding the P275 evolved into the F-27, which first flew on
November 24 1955. This original prototype was powered by Dart 507s and
would have seated 28, by the time the second prototype had flown (in
January 1957) the fuselage length grew to allow seating for 32.
By
this stage Fokker had signed an agreement that would see Fairchild
build Friendships in the USA. The first aircraft to enter service was in
fact a Fairchild built F-27, in September 1958.
Fairchild
F-27s differed from the initial Fokker F-27 Mk 100s in having basic
seating for 40, a lengthened nose capable of housing a weather radar,
and additional fuel capacity.
Developments
included the Mk 200/F-27A with more powerful engines, Mk 300/F-27B and
primarily military Mk 400 Combi versions, the Mk 500 with a 1.50m (4ft
11in) fuselage stretch taking seating to 52, and Mk 600 quick change
freight/pax aircraft.
Fairchild
independently developed the stretched FH-227, which appeared almost two
years earlier than the Mk 500. The FH-227 featured a 1.83m (6ft 0in)
stretch over standard length F-27/F-27s, taking standard seating to 52.
Posting Komentar