The Boeing 747-400 is a major development and the best-selling model of the Boeing 747 family of jet airliners. While retaining the four-engine wide-body layout of its predecessors, the 747-400 embodies numerous technological and structural changes to produce a more efficient airframe. Its most distinguishing features versus preceding 747 models are 6-foot (1.8 m) winglets mounted on 6-foot (1.8 m) wing tip extensions, which are found on all 747-400s except for Japanese domestic market versions.
The 747-400 is equipped with a two-crew glass cockpit, which dispenses with the need for a flight engineer, along with more fuel-efficient engines, a horizontal stabilizer fuel tank, and revised fuselage/wing fairings. The aircraft also features an all-new interior with upgraded in-flight entertainment architecture. As on the 747-300, passenger variants include a stretched upper deck as standard. The model has a maximum capacity of 660 passengers with the 747-400D variant, and can fly non-stop for up to 7,670 nautical miles (14,200 km) with maximum payload, depending on model.
Northwest Airlines first placed the 747-400 in commercial service in February 9, 1989. The 747-400 was produced in passenger (−400), freighter (−400F), combi (−400M), domestic (−400D), extended range passenger (−400ER) and extended range freighter (−400ERF) versions. The 747-400 is the second-most recent version of the Boeing 747 aircraft family, having been superseded by the more economical and advanced Boeing 747-8. The last −400 model was delivered in December 2009.
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Four 252.4kN (56,750lb) Pratt & Whitney PW-4056 turbofans or 266.9kN
(60,000lb) PW-4060s, or 275.8kN (62,000lb) PW-4062s, 252.4kN (56,750lb)
General Electric CF6-80-C2B1Fs or 273.6kN (61,500lb) CF6-80-C2B1F1s or
-80-C2B7Fs, or 258.0kN (58,000lb) RollsRoyce RB-211-524G or -524Hs, or
262.4 to 266.9kN (59 to 60,000lb) RB-211-524G/H-Ts.
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747-400 - Max cruising speed 939km/h (507kt), long range cruising speed
907km/h (490kt). Design range with 420 three class pax at 396,895kg
(875,000lb) MTOW 13,491km (7284nm) with PW-4000s, 13,444km (7259nm) with
GEs, 13,214km (7135nm) with RB-211s.
747-400ER - Range at MTOW 14,205km (7670nm).
747-400ERF - Range at MTOW 9200km (4970nm).
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747-400 - Standard operating empty with PW-4056s 180,985kg (399,000lb),
with CF6-80-C2B1Fs 180,755kg (398,500lb), with RB-211s 181,755kg
(400,700lb); operating weights at optional MTOW with PW-4056s 181,485kg
(400,100lb), with CF6-80-C2B1Fs 181,255kg (399,600lb), with RB-211s
182,255kg (401,800lb). Max takeoff 362,875kg (800,000lb), or optionally
377,845kg (833,000lb), or 385,555kg (850,000lb), or 396,895kg
(875,000lb).
747-400ER/ERF - MTOW 412,770kg (910,000lb).
Wing span 64.44m (211ft 5in), length 70.67m (231ft 10in), height 19.41m (63ft 8in). Wing area 541.2m2 (5825sq ft).
747-400 - Flightcrew of two. Typical three class seating for 416 (23
first, 78 business and 315 economy class pax). Cargo hold 170.5m3
(6025cuft) or 151m3 (5332cuft).
747-400 Domestic - Two class seating for 568 (24 first and 544 economy).
747-400 Combi - Typical arrangement for six or seven pallets and 266 three class passengers.
747-400ER - Same as -400, but cargo hold 158.6m3 (5599cuft) or 137m3 (4837cuft).
747-400F - 30 pallets on the main deck and 32 LD1 containers in the lower hold.
Orders for the 747-400 as of August 2002 stood at 632 (of which 17
ER/ERF), of which 585 had been delivered. Total 747 sales stood at 1356.
Long range high capacity widebody airliner
The 747-400 is the latest, longest ranging and best selling model of the 747 family.
Boeing
launched the 747-400 in October 1985 and the first development aircraft
first flew on April 29 1988. US certification (with PW-4000s) was
awarded in January 1989.
The
747-400 externally resembles the -300, but it is a significantly
improved aircraft. Changes include a new, two crew digital flightdeck
with six large CRT displays, an increased span wing with winglets (the
-400 was the first airliner to introduce winglets), new engines,
recontoured wing/fuselage fairing, a new interior, lower basic but
increased max takeoff weights, and greater range.
Apart
from the basic passenger 747-400 model, a number of variants have been
offered including the winglet-less 747-400 Domestic optimised for
Japanese short haul domestic sectors, the 747-400M Combi
passenger/freight model, and the 747-400F Freighter (which combines the
747-200F's fuselage with the -400's wing).
The
latest model is the 747-400ER, which was launched on November 28, 2000
when Qantas placed an order for 6. The -400ER has the same size as the
-400, but has more range or payload capability. The MTOW was increased
by 15,870kg (35,000lb) to 412,770kg (910,000lb), giving a further range
of 805km (435nm) or a 6800kg (15,000lb) greater payload. The -400ER also
features a wholly new cabin interior with larger luggage bins, and
several flight deck improvements.
The
-400ER incorporates the strengthened wing, body, and landing gear of
the -400F, plus an auxiliary fuel tank in the forward cargo hold, and an
optional second one. Operators who don't need these can remove them
both, gaining additional cargo volume.
The
first 747-400ER was rolled out in June 2002, and flew for the first
time on July 31, 2002, and this was the 1308th 747 to fly.
A
cargo version, the 747-400ERF, followed the standard -400ER, and was
launched April 30, 2001 on an order by leasing company ILFC for 5. The
first -400ERF is the 1315th 747 built. The -ERF has the same MTOW as the
-ER, and this will give an extra range of 970km (525nm), or an extra
payload of 9980kg (22,000lb) at MTOW compared with the standard -400F.
Shortly before delivery of the first -400ER, Boeing had received orders for 15 ER/ERFs from 5 customers.
Various
growth 747 models have been studied. The 747-500X and -600X models were
dropped in January 1997. Boeing is currently proposing the 747-400XQLR
(Quiet Longer Range) to 747-size customers which will offer more range,
more quiet, and more features.
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